Sandstone is a sedimentary rock

It also contains a cementing material that binds the sand grains together and may contain a matrix of silt- or clay-size particles that occupy the spaces between the sand grains.

Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and is found in sedimentary basins throughout the world.

It is often mined for use as a construction material or as a raw material used in manufacturing. In the subsurface, sandstone often serves as an aquifer for groundwater or as a reservoir for oil and natural gas.

To a geologist, the word "sand" in sandstone refers to the particle size of the grains in the rock rather than the material of which it is composed. Sand-size particles range in size from 1/16 millimeter to 2 millimeters in diameter. Sandstones are rocks composed primarily of sand-size grains.

The grains of sand in a sandstone are usually particles of mineral, rock, or organic material that have been reduced to "sand" size by weathering and transported to their depositional site by the action of moving water, wind, or ice. Their time and distance of transport may be brief or significant, and during that journey the grains are acted upon by chemical and physical weathering.

If the sand is deposited close to its source rock, it will resemble the source rock in composition. 

However, the more time and distance that separate the source rock from the sand deposit, the greater its composition will change during transport. 

Grains that are composed of easily-weathered materials will be modified, and grains that are physically weak will be reduced in size or destroyed.

If a granite outcrop is the source of the sand, the original material might be composed of grains of hornblende, biotite, orthoclase, and quartz. 

Hornblende and biotite are the most chemically and physically susceptible to destruction, and they would be eliminated in the early stage of transport. 

Orthoclase and quartz would persist longer, but the grains of quartz would have the greatest chance of survival. They are more chemically inert, harder, and not prone to cleavage. 

Quartz is typically the most abundant type of sand grain present in sandstone. It is extremely abundant in source materials and is extremely durable during transport.

The grains in a sandstone can be composed of mineral, rock, or organic materials. Which and in what percentage depends upon their source and how they have suffered during transport.

Mineral grains in sandstones are usually quartz. Sometimes the quartz content of these sands can be very high - up to 90% or more. 

These are sands that have been worked and reworked by wind or water and are said to be "mature." 

Other sands can contain significant amounts of feldspar, and if they came from a source rock with a significant quartz content they are said to be "immature."

Author: Hobart M. King, Ph.D.
https://geology.com/rocks/sandstone.shtml